Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia Repository
The UIII Repository is an open-access repository as a service of the UIII Library that provides long-term access to digital content related to valuable research outputs and knowledge products.
Communities in Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia
Select a community to browse its collections.
Recent Submissions
The carbon emissions pathway, the energy transition effort and policy uncertainty
Muhammed, Mansur; Teguh Yudo Wicaksono; Herbert Wibert Victor Hasudungan (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2026-07-17)
This dissertation provides an integrated analytical framework that links regional carbon emissions dynamics, country-specific transition efforts and global uncertainty into a coherent understanding of the decarbonization strategies and pathways. It contains three core essays that collectively address issues in environmental and climate economics. The first essay tests the convergence hypothesis across Asian economies and identifies how fossil fuels, renewables and energy intensity shape convergence during the period under study. Evidence from the regional data indicates that per capita carbon emissions are diverging under the assumption of cross-sectional dependence, meaning that despite regional efforts and policies to curtail the growth of carbon emissions, which are assumed to be the major driver of climate change, the per capita emissions disparity exceeds the conventional limit. For individual countries under the assumption of a structural break, 31 countries show convergence, underscoring the efforts towards decarbonization, especially the transition to clean energy. In addition, the fossil fuels and energy intensity are increasing functions of the carbon emissions convergence. These findings revealed that the shocks to emissions are transitory rather than permanent. Renewable energy in the model exhibits a negative but statistically insignificant relationship with emissions convergence. This suggests that current levels of renewable energies in the region are not enough to make a measurable dent in the regional emissions trajectory. Building on this, the second essay examines country-level energy transitions to renewable sources, with special attention to the case of biodiesel. The intent of this chapter is to examine market conditions and long-term sustainability, as regulations mandate biodiesel blending in the transportation sector to support a sustainable environment. Empirical findings from estimating the iterative 3SLS revealed that biodiesel demand in Indonesia is price-inelastic, meaning price changes have a limited influence on consumption, similarly, supply is price inelastic. However, supply is more responsive to price changes than demand. The study uncovers a persistent market disequilibrium characterized by excess supply, consistent with government interventions to promote biodiesel adoption. In addition, the outcome of the bound statistics indicates a long-run equilibrium relationship in biodiesel blending in Indonesia. The third essay examines whether climate policy uncertainty moderates the nexus among carbon emissions, energy demand and supply. The goal is to demonstrate how uncertainty distorts the energy demand-supply nexus and weakens carbon emissions mitigation effectiveness in the long run. Undoubtedly, efforts to mitigate climate change via regulations and policies face setbacks resulting from uncertainty in the policy implementation and global commitment. Within the empirical space, there was no previous attempt to examine the empirical implication on how climate policy uncertainty could moderate the relationships that exist between carbon emissions, energy demand and supply. This study further examines the outcome among the heterogeneous income group. The coefficient of the moderating variable is found to be negative in the global and low-income samples, signifying that under high uncertainty, the link between emissions and energy demand and supply becomes weak, possibly due to inefficiency, delays in investment and shifts in the energy mix. Also, the nexus could be associated with the global energy system transformation led by the advanced and emerging economies. However, for high-income and middle-income countries, the impact of the moderating climate policy uncertainty turns out to be positive, suggesting that policy uncertainty amplifies the carbon-intensive effects of energy supply and demand. Regulatory weaknesses and uncertainty could delay the investment in renewable technologies and elongate the dependencies on the existing fossil fuel infrastructure in the high-income countries. In the case of middle-income countries, weak institutions, inadequate renewable infrastructure and limited green financing intensify reliance on low-cost carbon-intensive energy systems.
Convergence, negotiation, and accommodation : spatial politics and controlled inclusion of women in Pakistan
Hussain, Wafa; Badrol Hisham Bin Ahmad Noor; Nia Deliana (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2026-07-29)
Women make up almost half of the world's population but are grossly under-represented in social and political decision-making institutions in democracies of all kinds. International norms, international commitments, and constitutional guarantees have facilitated the inclusion of more women and other marginalized groups in social and political spheres. Still, these have not always translated into real influence on politics and power. This dissertation explores this paradox termed "controlled inclusion." In this paradox, the formal procedures of political inclusion are used to accommodate claims of equality within hegemonic structures of authority. Controlled inclusion does not work through exclusion but through multi-level constraints: psychological restrictions through gendered socialization, ideological legitimation through selective cultural and religious interpretations, institutional gatekeeping through party nominations, and spatial barriers that limit physical mobility within social and political spheres. Derived from and integrated theoretical synthesis combining the concepts and proposition of Gender Role Theory, Intersectionality, Rational Choice Theory of Democracy and Subaltern Counterpublics, this dissertation investigates how these interlocked mechanisms create what feminist institutionalists have termed an "overdetermined" system of exclusion: one in which multiple independent explanatory factors are operating at once to keep groups of people excluded even as the barriers they face are dismantled one by one. The research was conducted within a constructivist interpretivist paradigm and a multiple-case comparative design. Two contrasting urban contexts, Islamabad (the Federal Capital of Pakistan) and Muzaffarabad (capital of Azad Jammu & Kashmir), were selected as the study settings. 70 in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted from September 2024 to February 2025. Women and men politicians were among the participants, along with officials from civil society, politicians from various political parties, academics, and religious scholars. Braun and Clarke's reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Results show that there are three interrelated dynamics. This occurs as a compounded form of marginalization, created synergistically at the psychological, ideological, institutional, and spatial levels, and which is difficult to break down by single-axis approaches. Women in Pakistan hold about 20 percent of the seats in the National Assembly with reserved seats. Religious minorities account for about three percent. So, both groups together account for less than 1 percent of the leadership in National Assembly committees and have negligible influence on substantive policy. Second, the women and subaltern political actors navigate and resist in multidimensional ways. They are acquiring credentials, managing their respectability, building women's-only spaces, establishing alliances across political parties, and using mentorship networks. However, these strategies are both shaped by and constrained by the structural conditions that they aim to challenge. Third, modern patriarchal structures have evolved adaptive mechanisms to accommodate both symbolic concessions (quota seats, gender policy machinery, international commitments, etc.) and to ensure that the underlying structural inequalities of power continue to function in terms of the distribution of services by "patronage", "gatekeepers," and the practice of reserving seats for directly elected seats in line with predetermined arrangements. Importantly, the pattern found in Pakistan is not unique to a particular culture. This dissertation supports the claim that the gap between descriptive and substantive representation is a transnational structural pattern rather than an anomaly in certain democratic contexts, such as Nordic social democracies, post-genocide Rwanda, India, Latin America, and the United States. This dissertation aimed to add to the body of knowledge in two ways. First, it has the potential to advance the notion of controlled inclusion as an analytic tool for studying how the regime of patriarchy adapts to pressures on formal equality, and to bridge feminist geography and political science by showing that spatial constraints are a fundamental mechanism of political exclusion. In practice, it provides conceptual and concrete policy suggestions to political parties, civil society groups, and transnational feminist movements to take women beyond symbolic nods at the issue and towards "real change" in governance.
Between kinship and public Islam : Wilāya and the Bā 'Alawī religious life in Indonesia
Musa Alkadzim; Syamsul Rijal; Syafiq Hasyim (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2026-07-17)
This study examines how wilāya as a form of religious life grounded in everyday nearness shapes authority within the Bā 'Alawī community in contemporary Indonesia. Drawing on historical research and multi-sited ethnography in Jakarta, Java, and East Kalimantan (2022–2025), it develops a triadic framework of wilāya comprising genealogical (takwīniyya), ethical (tashrī'iyya), and social (ijtimā'iyya) forms of nearness. Takwīniyya links persons to the Prophet through lineage, tashrī'iyya substantiates that nearness through ethical discipline and devotional practice, and ijtimā'iyya stabilizes it through recognition within wider networks of trust, hospitality, and companionship. Modern public Islam has unsettled the sequence through which these three dimensions once reinforced one another. Media visibility and mass circulation now allow recognition to outpace formation. The Ahok mobilization of 2016 and the nasab controversy of 2023 made these tensions especially visible, as descent circulated as a credential and discipline became subject to public accusation rather than private correction. Against accounts that locate Islamic authority primarily in public institutions, media platforms, or doctrinal discourse, this study shows that wilāya takes shape most forcefully within domestic and intimate settings where kinship, care, and shared life cultivate durable forms of recognition. It further recovers forms of feminine and domestic labor often obscured in public accounts of Bā 'Alawī authority, arguing that these practices are not peripheral to wilāya but among its primary enactments. At a moment when religious authority across the Muslim world is increasingly organized around media reach and institutional scale, this study argues that what is at risk is not merely a single tradition but the relational ground on which authority itself depends.
Three essays on policy uncertainty, institutions, and decarbonization
Ansari, Saba; Fajar Bambang Hirawan; Teguh Yudo Wicaksono (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2026-07-17)
Accelerating the energy transition, particularly in the renewable energy sector, is a critical global challenge as climate change progresses and economic policy uncertainty increases in both developed and developing economies. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships among economic policy uncertainty (EPU), institutional quality, renewable energy innovation, and renewable energy investment, and to assess their effects on environmental outcomes across a balanced panel of 31 countries from 1998 to 2023. The study consists of three empirical essays employing GMM, MMQR, and FMOLS to examine these relationships. The first essay shows that EPU is negatively associated with innovation in renewable energy; the findings further reveal that institutional quality intensifies, rather than weakens, the negative association between economic policy uncertainty and renewable energy innovation, and these negative effects are more pronounced in economies with stronger institutional quality and higher levels of economic growth. The second essay shows that the higher the EPU, the lower the CO2 emissions, but this appears to be due not to structural decarbonization but to a decrease in economic activity. The findings also indicate that this emission-reducing effect is much smaller in developing countries with low institutional quality, and weak governance itself leads to more environmental degradation. The findings of the third essay show that renewable energy investment is negatively associated with CO2 emissions. In contrast, renewable energy innovation is positively associated with CO2 emissions in both the short-run and long-run estimations, suggesting that the expected environmental benefits of renewable energy innovation have not yet been realized over the study period. Democratic governance is negatively associated with CO2 emissions in the long run. The results indicate that energy investment and innovation are not the only prerequisites for advancing decarbonization; stable policy environments and strong institutional structures are also important enablers. The study presents a novel analytical framework that integrates energy economics, institutional theory, and environmental policy, and provides empirical findings to support policy recommendations for governments aiming to achieve both clean energy transitions and long-term environmental sustainability across heterogeneous economic and institutional contexts.
Differentiated instruction in Qur'anic teaching for students with special needs : teacher practices and challenges in an inclusive pesantren
Khansa Asiah Ismet; Andar Nubowo; Tati Lathipatud Durriyah (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2026-08-08)
This study examines the implementation of differentiated instruction (DI) in Qur'an teaching for students with ADHD and slow-learning characteristics at an inclusive pesantren in West Java, Indonesia. The primary focus is to explore how teachers adapt their teaching practices, the factors influencing the instructional decisions, and the challenges faced within a traditional Islamic educational setting. A qualitative single-site case study within an interpretive paradigm was employed. Participants were selected through purposive sampling and included four Qur'an teachers and two institutional leaders. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and classroom observation. Data analysis utilized a thematic approach involving both deductive and inductive coding. The findings indicate that teachers implement differentiated instruction across four key dimensions: content, process, product, and learning environment. The strongest form of process differentiation represents the most dominant form of adaptation, wherein traditional methods such as talaqqi and tikrar are modified through increased repetition frequency, chunking techniques, and the use of peer tutors. The content differentiation shows memorization targets and materials are individually tailored, and students with learning difficulties (slow learners) are provided with Latin script transcriptions. The product differentiation for students with special needs is measured by qualitative progress and foundational mastery rather than by quantitative achievement, as supported by descriptive progress reports from the school. Followed the learning environment differentiation achieved through emotional support routines and proximal seating with a teacher designed to maintain student focus. Research findings indicate that teachers' instructional decisions are largely driven by personal initiative and agency, developing organically from field observations rather than formal institutional guidelines. However, implementation faces significant challenges, including inconsistent learning retention among students with slower learning paces, a lack of formal professional training in special education, and systemic support that tends to respond more readily to visible physical disabilities than to cognitive or behavioral disabilities, such as ADHD. The study contributes to differentiated instruction in Qur'anic teaching in inclusive pesantren. These findings suggest that sustaining Qur'anic education in the inclusive learning environment requires institutionalizing differentiated instruction through systematic professional development, specialist support, and formal pedagogical guidelines for halaqah teachers.