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Navigating South Africa’s transition towards renewable energy : pathways, opportunities and structural barriers
Juah, Reston Dennis; Guild, James Jordan; Testriono (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2026-08-10)
The energy sector of South Africa is currently undergoing a transformational shift, which is driven by the advancement of technological innovation, and global shift toward sustainable alternative. Although South Africa possesses world-class wind and solar resources and well-designed renewable energy policy framework like the Renewable Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme (REIPPPP), the transition to renewable energy still remains stagnated by array of political barriers. This thesis examined critically as to why well-crafted renewable energy policy framework like the REIPPPP fail to accomplish its intended implementation outcomes, asking the core research question: How do political barriers influence the transition to renewable energy in South Africa? By employing a qualitative research design, and utilizing the Multi-Level Perspective (MLP) framework, this thesis uses document-based analysis, compliment by thematic content analysis of secondary data, which include government reports, institutional reports, and peer-reviewed journal articles in order to investigate the political barriers that are hindering the transition to renewable energy in South Africa. Hence, the findings of this study disclose that the fundamental barriers that are stalling the transition are not merely economical, technical feasibilities, but rather, primarily, political, reflecting through regulatory delays, institution fragmentation, and that of policy instability. Precisely, the lack of collaboration between state institutions, difficult licensing requirements, and along with the stop-start nature of the procurement system acts as a mechanism regime actor uses to resist emerging niche innovations. This research concludes that the transition to renewable energy in South Africa is marked by a struggle for control between emerging renewable niche innovations and that of a conflict-ridden political system that seeks to protect the carbon-intensive status-quo. Therefore, this study provides an immense contribution to the scholarly conversation by redirecting attention from technological and economic feasibility to the political destabilization that is require in order to move to a low-carbon future, providing significant insights for stakeholders and policymakers that are involve in South Africa’s energy landscape.
Policy coherence for climate-related health risks : examining cross-sector policy integration across climate change, disaster management, and health—The Gambia as a case study
Janneh, Sainey; Priza Marendraputra; Asep Muizudin Muhammad Darmini (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2026-08-10)
A growing body of evidence demonstrates that climate change and its associated extreme events and disasters pose substantial threats to human health. Climate change, disaster management, and health institutions share a common mandate to reduce exposure and vulnerability to climate-related hazards while enhancing resilience to events such as floods, tropical cyclones, heatwaves, droughts, and bushfires, with the overarching goal of minimizing climate-related health risks. Despite this overlap, evidence on how policies across these domains align to address interconnected climate-related health risks remains limited. This study addresses this gap by examining policy coherence and identifying opportunities to strengthen cross-sectoral governance for climate-related health risk management. Using The Gambia—a low-income, climate-vulnerable country—as a case study, this study analyzed national policy documents through content analysis using both quantitative (ordinal) and qualitative coding approaches, complemented by key informant interviews. The findings indicate limited integration of climate-related health risks across the three policy domains, as evidenced by inconsistent problem framing, limited consideration of health implications and vulnerable populations, and fragmented adaptation measures. Policy content analysis also revealed misalignment among policy instruments within and across domains, with inconsistencies observed even within individual policies. Furthermore, institutional and governance mechanisms supporting policy integration were limited across the three policy domains. Overall, the evidence indicates a lack of policy coherence across the climate change, disaster management, and health policy domains in addressing climate-related health risks. This pattern of policy incoherence is not unique to The Gambia and may reflect a broader governance challenge facing other low-income, climate-vulnerable countries with similar sector-based institutional arrangements.
The intensifying Harmattan winds of Northern Ghana : implications for agriculture
Yidana, Abdul-Razak Issifu; Priza Marendraputra; Asep Muizudin Muhammad Darmini (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2026-05-07)
The Harmattan is a dry, dust-laden continental wind in West Africa which has its origin from the Sahara Desert. The season of Harmattan in Ghana takes place between November and March and traditionally, it has been considered a highly predictable seasonal event with very little analytical importance in the context of agricultural risk management. However, recent climatic and community reports in Northern Ghana suggest that the extent and duration of the Harmattan winds is rising with their longer persistence, higher dust concentrations, low humidity, and higher temperatures during dry periods. This creates an analytical research gap of the influence of the wind-driven, slow-onset climatic stressors on agricultural productivity in climate-sensitive regions. This paper discusses the growing intensity of the Harmattan winds in Northern Ghana and the impacts this has on agriculture, especially the Guinea and Sudan savannah regions where the system of rain-fed smallholder agriculture prevails. The study relies on the qualitative analysis based on climatic data provided by the Ghana Meteorological Agency (GMet), agricultural and institutional reports by national and international institutions, and peer-reviewed climate studies. Harmattan indicators are interpreted according to the time interval 2010- 2025. The existing reports show that there is obvious indication of increased duration of the Harmattan season, frequent temperature-humidity changes, and prolonged dust exposure. These atmospheric alterations are linked to soil moisture loss by winds, topsoil erosion during pre-planting, crop desiccation that does not depend on the rainfall failure, increasing irrigation expenses, and degradation of pastures. The analysis also reveals that the effects of the harmattan are analytically distinct, and these are not drought, but rather other physical processes and affect farming systems even when there are no extreme rainfall deficits. This paper will add to the literature on climate-agriculture by redefining the relationship between climatic risk and agriculture, instead of the narrow focus on rainfall-based models. The study also gives emphasis on the necessity of changing the mindset of the farmers, policy makers and early warning systems in Northern Ghana from rain-based to Harmattan related indicators including wind intensity, humidity suppression, dust exposure and evapotranspiration stress. It is necessary to incorporate them in agriculture planning and climate policy to increase the resilience of smallholder farmers in dryland areas, which are vulnerable to climate change.
From role conception to role performance : how asymmetric economic dependence on China conditions the foreign behaviors of Indo - Pacific middle powers through the domestic political stability imperatives
Nguyen, The Toan; Moch. Faisal; Nia Deliana (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2026-07-20)
Why do some Indo-Pacific Middle Powers that has asymmetric economic dependence on China exhibit foreign policy incoherence, while other similar states with the same structural condition do not? To examine this empirical puzzle, this paper utilizes the theoretical approach of Role Theory in Foreign Policy Analysis and proposes the new concept of Role Incoherence, which is the phenomena in which a state enacts its role performance (i.e. its actual foreign policy behaviors) differently from what its national role conception would theoretically suggested, due to the constraint of an intra-role factor. Using comparative and qualitative methods, this paper has two main arguments. First, through the macro-analysis comparative case studies combining with within-case outcome-explaining process-tracing, with Indonesia and Viet Nam as the two positive cases of Role Incoherence, it is suggested that asymmetric economic dependence on China can act as a latent, structural causal-factor that when examined during the critical junctures of bilateral tension between each respective middle power and China, this factor constrains the enactment of these states' national role conception through the Political Risk Recalculation mechanism to preserve their domestic political stability. Secondly, with the additional examination of a negative case of Role Incoherence – Australia, this research identifies two important contextual conditions within the Indo-Pacific Middle Powers which are required for the above-mentioned causal relationship to take effect, including: (i) No formal alliance with another Hegemonic Power; and more importantly (ii) The domestic political stability of the Middle Power is heavily anchored on performance-based legitimacy. In conclusion, future research may test whether this proposed context-based causal relation and mechanism also extends to a larger number of cases of Indo-Pacific Middle Powers, such as South Korea, and whether the theoretical framework can be portable to other Middle Powers navigating asymmetric economic relations with their economically dominant regional Hegemonic Powers, such as in South Asia or South America.
From foes to partners : the 2024 Chagos Agreement as competitive hegemonic subordination
Jokhio, Eman Zahid; Nia Deliana; Badrol Hisham Bin Ahmad Noor (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2026-07-20)
Formal decolonization does not always end the hierarchical relationships it is meant to break. This is seen in the 2024 UK Mauritius Agreement over the Chagos Archipelago. After a fifty-year dispute between a former colonizer and its former colony, Mauritius secured recognition of sovereignty over the archipelago. Yet, the agreement's provisions such as the 99-year lease of Diego Garcia and restrictions on third-party strategic or military access without UK and US consent, severely fragments Mauritius' strategic and military sovereignty. This raises the question of why long-term adversaries would agree to an agreement that would give legal sovereignty, while retaining strategic control? Using Neo-colonial theory and Grovogui's concept of quasi-sovereignty, this research employs comparative-historical analysis, process tracing, and legal-textual analysis to assess treaty provisions, ICJ rulings, government policy documents, and administrative archival records to derive the mechanisms of interest. The findings reveal that the fragmentation of Mauritian sovereignty results from the residual coloniality of the relationship between the UK and Mauritius. This residual coloniality includes the persistence of unequal relations of legal, administrative, and strategic colonial sovereignty, where Britain, by virtue of the colonial legacy, is the only capable actor having the right to create those terms. The external rivalry between the US and China in the Indian Ocean, particularly China's naval expansion from 2008 to 2024, shaped the timing and severity of the settlement. It moved Britain and the US from outright denial of the decolonization claims towards a negotiated framework that meets decolonization norms, while preserving strategic dominance. This study argues that the treaty's provisions operate as a rival exclusion mechanism, enabled by coloniality and intensified by great power competition. These together create what this thesis calls "Competitive Hegemonic Subordination". Neither rivalry alone, but also residual coloniality, accounts for the subordination of formerly decolonized states by means of legally constructed and constrained forms of sovereignty.