Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia Repository
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Governing Mahallus : law, authority and Islam in post-colonial Malabar
Alayi, Muhammed Ansar; Zacky Khairul Umam (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2026-07-22)
The study explores law, Islam, and its authority through the Mahallu(s) in postcolonial Malabar. Mahallu is commonly understood as a mosque-based social landscape of Muslim self-governance operating as a non-state legal institution alongside the state. The study does not treat Mahallu as a premodern Islamic remnant; rather, it approaches as a modern institution in which the notion of legal pluralism is actively negotiated, contested, internalized, and strategically employed within everyday governance. Drawing on official Mahallu guides, local histories, legal cases, interviews, and case-based ethnographic fieldwork, the study investigates how Muslim governance in Malabar has evolved through vernacular legal practices and community-based authority. Within the context of the Mahallu, the study particularly examines the distinctive authority of local leadership in the region. As communal safeguards within a minority context, the study conceptualizes these actors through the fiqhi term ahl al-hall wa al-'aqd. Such local leadership, and particularly its decisive role in qadi appointments, has maintained a degree of legal autonomy in contrast to state-backed qadi appointments in the region. However, the study argues that within the Mahallu context this authority extends beyond appointing qādīs and increasingly enters legal practice itself. Through examining a divorce dispute negotiated across the wider social radius of a Mahallu, the study identifies their authority shift as legal actors, as they increasingly engage directly in mediation, negotiation, reconciliation, and dispute governance despite lacking formal 'ulamā' authority or state legitimacy. Notably, the Islamic concept of commanding right and forbidding wrong legitimizes these actors without requiring formal ulama authority and provides a significant framework for their alternative mode of dispute governance. Through these actors, such a governing paradigm emerges as simultaneously related to Islam and law, yet neither fully confined to classical Islamic jurisprudence nor entirely absorbed into the secular legal order. By bringing attention to such legal actors through the context of the Mahallu, the study further contributes to an otherwise largely overlooked category within the broader terrain of South Asian legal history scholarship.
Perceived teacher support and students' physics self-efficacy : the mediating role of learning motivation and the serial role of physics anxiety
Jihan Ariqatur Rafiah; Destina Wahyu Winarti; Charyna Ayu Rizkyanti (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2026-07-22)
Students' self-efficacy in learning physics is strongly shaped by their level of physics self-efficacy, which contributes to persistence and academic success. Although perceived teacher support, learning motivation, and physics anxiety have been widely associated with students' academic outcomes, limited research has examined how these factors interact to explain physics self-efficacy. The present study examined whether learning motivation and physics anxiety function as intermediary mechanisms linking perceived teacher support to students' physics self-efficacy. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted involving 1.346 students from six public senior high schools in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Data were gathered using the Perceived Teacher Support Scale (PTSS), Physics Motivation Questionnaire II (PMQ-II), Physics Anxiety Rating Scale (PARS), and Physics Self-Efficacy Scale, and analyzed using the Rasch measurement model and PROCESS Macro Model 6. Results indicated that students generally reported strong teacher support, high motivation to learn, and positive levels of physics self-efficacy, while physics anxiety was at a moderate level. The relationship between teacher support and physics self-efficacy was found to operate partly through students' learning motivation. Furthermore, a sequential mediation pathway emerged, indicating that students who perceived greater support from their teachers tended to demonstrate stronger motivation, experience lower levels of physics anxiety, and ultimately report higher levels of physics self-efficacy. The results underscore the value of fostering positive interactions between teachers and students within the physics classroom in strengthening students' confidence in physics through both motivational and emotional pathways. The study offers insights for educators seeking to cultivate learning environments that encourage motivation, reduce anxiety, and enhance students' self-efficacy in physics learning.
The impact of economic growth on environmental quality in Africa : the moderating role of institutional quality
Adamu, Ishiaka; Fajar Hirawan (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2026-07-15)
This thesis examines the impact of economic growth on environmental quality in Africa over the period from 2002 to 2023. It also investigates the moderating role of institutional quality in this relationship. The study employs the Two-Step System Generalized Method of Moments Estimators (GMM) on forty-three (43) African countries, yielding a total of 946 observations. The results show a positive relationship between economic growth (GDP) and CO2 emissions, suggesting that expanding economic activities increase environmental pressure. However, the negative relationship between economic growth (GDP²) and CO2 emissions confirms an inverted U-shaped pattern, consistent with the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, implying that emissions begin to decline after income reaches a certain level. Additionally, institutional quality is also found to have a negative impact on CO2 emissions, indicating that improvements in governance, regulatory effectiveness, and policy enforcement contribute to environmental sustainability by reducing carbon emissions. Furthermore, the results of the interaction term between institutional quality and economic growth indicate a positive and significant effect of economic growth (GDP) on CO2 emissions, indicating that institutional quality increases the adverse effect of economic growth on environmental degradation at early development, while the interactions between institutional quality and economic growth (GDP²) show a negative and significant effect on CO2 emissions, suggesting that strong institutions can mitigate these effects by reducing the environmental impact of economic growth. This thesis contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence of a nonlinear relationship between economic growth and environmental quality, thereby reaffirming the validity of the EKC hypothesis. It further enriches the literature by investigating the moderating role of institutional quality in the relationship between this macroeconomic variable and environmental quality. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers, regulators, and stakeholders by demonstrating how strong institutions can offset the environmental challenges associated with economic expansion.
Understanding inflation dynamics in The Gambia : the roles of unemployment, monetary policy and output gap
Minteh, Salim; Rininta Nurrachmi (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2026-07-15)
Maintaining Price stability while fostering for economic growth remains a central challenge for monetary policy, especially in small open economies vulnerable to external shocks. Equally critical is the management of the output gap as it directly affects the inflationary pressure and employment outcomes. Coupled with, these twin monetary policy and output gap dynamics continue to attract considerably attention from researchers and policymakers due to their impact on economic performance and societal well-being. Despite all of the policy interventions, the simultaneous presence of high inflation, high unemployment and weak macroeconomic stability. remains baffling to policy makers. Against this backdrop, this study re-examines the inflation dynamics by integrating unemployment, monetary policy variables (money supply and interest rate) and output gap in The Gambia for the period 1991 to 2024, employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to cointegration. Findings from the bound test confirms the presence of long-run cointegration relationships and the error correction mechanism suggests a quick reversion to equilibrium, suggesting the strength of the long-run relationships in all three models. The results of long run and the short-run indicate that unemployment exert a significant negative effect on inflation, validating the Phillips curve hypothesis in The Gambia though moderated by structural rigidities in the labour market. Money supply expansion significantly fuels inflation whiles a rise in interest rate consistently reduce inflation, validating the monetarist view that inflation is a monetary phenomenon. However, output gap exerts no significant effect on inflation in both the short-run and long-run underscoring that inflation in The Gambia is not demand driven. This finding is particularly relevant for policy makers, as it highlighting that unemployment does exert a significant influence on inflation but its effect is moderated by structural rigidities in the labour market rather than cyclical demand dynamics. Consequently, price stability measures alone maybe insufficient to reduce unemployment, suggesting the need for labour market and institutional reforms to that operate alongside inflation-targeting policies, ensuring that monetary discipline is matched with structural interventions to address joblessness in order achieve sustainable unemployment growth. Therefore, our recommendations for policy are three-fold. Strengthen the monetary discipline by efficient management of interest rates as they emerge as strong instrument against inflation. Second, maintain an appropriate pace of money supply growth as growth in money supply is directly linked to price instability. Third, address the issue of unemployment through structural labour market and institutional reforms. These measures combined stabilize prices and help to solve the long-term employment problems. Finally, our study was limited by employing only the linear ARDL model and does not extend to nonlinear ARDL (NARDL) model, also incomplete data which resulted in the exclusion of some important monetary policy instrument such as exchange rate policy, reserve requirements and open market operations. Thus, future research is recommended to integrate these limitations to capture full monetary policy transmission mechanism and the potential asymmetric effects of positive and negative shocks.
Sustainability performance of Islamic banks in major D-8 countries and its impact on risk-taking behavior
Nurshifa Vathia; Aimatul Yumna; Ugi Suharto (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2026-07-23)
Islamic banking is closely aligned with sustainability principles, as it is rooted in Maqashid Shariah. Despite the increasing importance of intermediary system of Islamic banking in combating social and environmental issues in D-8 countries, they have not been fully accompanied by the optimization of sustainable financing, remaining concentrated in low-risk sectors. Therefore, sustainability performance is considered an important factor influencing bank risk-taking behavior. This study employs content analysis according to the Maqashid Shariah Quadruple Bottom Line (MSQBL) framework, which consists of business sharing, social religious, responsible environment, and ethics and Shariah principles dimensions to obtain the level of the sustainability performance. Using panel data of Islamic banks in D-8 countries over the period 2020–2024, this study employs panel regression analysis to analyze the relationship between sustainability performance according to MSQBL framework and bank risk-taking behavior as proxied by the Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR), Non-Performing Financing (NPF), and Cost to Income Ratio (CIR), while total assets and capital adequacy ratio are included as a control variable. The overall sustainability performance of Islamic banks in D-8 countries based on MSQBL achieved the score of 52%. The findings reveal that the business sharing dimension significantly reduces FDR, NPF, and CIR values. The social religious dimension also negatively affects NPF, while the ethics and Shariah principles dimension positively influences FDR. In contrast, the responsible environment dimension and total assets do not exhibit significant effects on risk-taking behavior. Furthermore, CAR is found to have a negative effect on FDR but a positive effect on CIR. These findings show that Maqashid Shariah Quadruple Bottom Line (MSQBL) influences Islamic banks' behavior in different ways. Islamic banks in D-8 are encouraged to improve environmental responsibility practices both internally and externally since it recorded the lowest sustainability performance score and not yet significantly impacted risk-taking behavior.