Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia Repository
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A comparative analysis of Indonesia and Malaysia’s foreign policy towards the persecution of Muslims
Khaidir Hasram; A'an Suryana (Routledge, 2025-09-02)
Indonesia and Malaysia are predominantly Muslim countries, yet when it comes to foreign policy dealing with the persecution of Muslims worldwide, their approaches are different. Three case studies (concerning Palestinian, Rohingya, and Uyghur minorities) show that Indonesia’s foreign policy has been milder in response to Muslim persecution, unlike Malaysia’s, which has taken a more assertive approach. This article argues that the different approaches stem from the distinct roles of Islam in society. In Malaysia, Islam has been part of the Malay identity and is constitutionally recognized, thus it plays a legitimizing role in foreign policy. In contrast, Indonesia has adopted pan-religionism in the constitution, which does not prioritize one religion over others, even though Islam is the majority religion in the country.
The economic impact of global volatility from covid-19 and the Russia-Ukraine war on largest muslim population countries : a difference-in-difference approach
Massaquoi, Ibrahim; Jonas, Ajibu (IIUM Institute of Islamic Banking and Finance, 2026-03-03)
This study examines the economic impact of global volatility from COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine war on the biggest Muslim population is a proxy linked to prevalence of Islamic finance systems, redistribution mechanisms (such as zakat), labour market composition, and institutional characteristics common across these economies. The treated units consist of Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nigeria, and Egypt, while Norway, Denmark, Finland, Sweden, and Switzerland serve as control units. Data from 2015 to 2018 for before COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine war and 2019 to 2022 for during (after) are analysed, focusing on variables such as real GDP, investment, consumption, trade, and Muslim population. Results indicate that the treated units experienced a significant decrease in macro-economic indicators relative to control units following periods of global economic volatility. However, inclusion of covariates such as investment, consumption, trade, and the Muslim population partially explains the observed effects. The study underscores the susceptibility of countries with large Muslim populations (given their economic, social, and demographic structures) to external economic shocks and emphasises the importance of targeted policy interventions to promote economic resilience. Recommendations include enhancing economic diversification, strengthening social safety nets, promoting trade and investment, and fostering education and innovation. Limitations regarding data reliability, generalisability, causality, and policy implications are also acknowledged.
Emotional labor in Raudhatul Athfal (RA) teachers’ multi-role work : initial findings
Fanny Rizkiyani; Syifa Mufiedatussalam (Guidance and Counseling, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas PGRI Yogyakarta, 2026-02-04)
Emotional labor among teachers in Raudhatul Athfal (RA), Islamic early childhood education in Indonesia, is a complex and underexplored phenomenon. This study aims to explore and provide preliminary findings of the emotional labor experiences of RA teachers. Using a qualitative case study design, ten female RA teachers from Bandung, Indonesia, were recruited through convenience sampling. This study utilized an open-ended online survey and Braun and Clarke’s reflexive thematic analysis as data collection method and analysis, respectively. Three themes emerged. The first theme is Multirole Job Demands, with sub-themes: RA teachers’ job characteristics (n=10), multirole demands (n=8), cultural display rules (n=5), and spiritual educators as emotional labor intensifier (n=4). The second theme is Emotional Labor Strategies, with sub-themes: surface acting (n=6), and deep acting (n=3). The last theme is Islamic Framework in Emotional Labor, with sub-themes: Islamic practices as emotional regulation resources and strategies (n=6), spiritual meaning-making (n=9), and workplace spirituality (n=2). The overall emotional labor experiences of the RA teachers are discussed. The findings highlight key constructs that can be explored and directly measured in future research to validate the emotional labor process among RA teachers in Indonesia. Ultimately, this research can contribute to developing support programs for RA teachers that effectively promote their well-being.
Strategic leadership behaviours in Chinese schools : a Rasch model analysis
Jiang, Na; Deng, Rui; Perera, Corinne Jacqueline; Bambang Sumintono; Zamzami Zainuddin (Routledge, 2026-04-19)
This study examines the strategic leadership behaviours of secondary school principals in China, where centralized governance and cultural traditions shape leadership practices. Drawing on a cross-sectional survey of 895 principals, this research adopts Pisapia’s theory of strategic leadership, which delineates five core leadership influence actions, transforming, managing, bonding, bridging, and bartering, to investigate how school leaders navigate complex educational challenges. Using the Strategic Leadership Questionnaire (SLQ) and applying the Rasch Measurement Model, this study provides a rigorous psychometric evaluation of these leadership behaviours. Findings reveal that transforming, bonding, and bartering emerge as the most dominant behaviours, highlighting the importance of proactive change, relationship-building, and negotiation in school leadership. Conversely, managing and bridging behaviours were less frequently observed, suggesting a shift away from traditional hierarchical administration towards adaptive leadership strategies emphasizing operational stability and stakeholder engagement. This study advances existing scholarship by addressing geographical and methodological gaps. While prior research in China has predominantly focused on instructional leadership, this study systematically measures strategic leadership behaviours through Rasch-based psychometric validation. The findings offer new insights into culturally responsive leadership practices and provide evidence-based recommendations to improve leadership assessments, thereby strengthening the global discourse on effective school leadership in diverse educational contexts.
Ownership and financial performance in Sierra Leone’s insurance sector : a comparative study of national insurance company and reliance insurance trust corporation
Koroma, Mohamed; Massaquoi, Ibrahim (Open Access Publishing Group, 2026-03-28)
Most reports describe public enterprises in Sierra Leone as inefficient. This study evaluated the National Insurance Company (NIC), which is a state-owned entity, against Reliance Insurance Trust Corporation (RITCORP), which is a private insurer in Sierra Leone, through their financial statements and other company records spanning from 2020 to 2024. The study assessed their liquidity, profitability, solvency, financial risk, and shareholder return expectations through ratio analysis, Altman’s Z-Score, Gordon’s Growth Model, and Net Present Value (NPV) assessments. RITCORP demonstrated superior performance compared to NIC through its better profitability, consistent dividend payments, and stable financial condition, yet NIC struggled with liquidity problems, negative equity returns, and high bankruptcy risk. The study demonstrates that governance structure, together with operational autonomy, produces major effects on financial performance. The research demonstrates that ownership structure directly affects both financial strategy and performance results in the insurance industry. The study suggests that public insurers need better investment appraisal methods and stronger governance systems. The research faces two main limitations. The scope is limited to only two companies: one privately owned and the other government owned. This small sample may not reflect the state of most government and private entities, and hence any attempt to generalise the results should be done with caution. Future studies could increase the sample size while adding a macroeconomic dimension by including political stability and inflation.