Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia Repository
The UIII Repository is an open-access repository as a service of the UIII Library that provides long-term access to digital content related to valuable research outputs and knowledge products.
Communities in Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia
Select a community to browse its collections.
Recent Submissions
Rater behavior and background factors in writing assessment : a mixed-method study of how Indonesian university lecturers assess EFL essays
Muhammad Affan Ramadhana; Bambang Sumintono; Zulfa Sakhiyya (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2026-07-28)
This dissertation examines lecturers' rating behavior in assessing EFL essays in Indonesian higher education context. Specifically, it explores their rating behavior in terms of severity, consistency, and bias/interaction effects between lecturers' background factors and specific aspects of rubric criteria such as Content, Organization, Vocabulary, Language Use, and Mechanics. This dissertation also explores how lecturers describe and reflect on their rating behavior, including how they perceive fairness, how they prioritize rubric criteria, and how they maintain assessment consistency. The research employed an explanatory sequential mixed method design, beginning with quantitative phase to identify patterns in rating behavior. Participants in this research are thirty-six university lecturers who rated forty-five EFL student essays using the ESL Composition Profile rubric. Prior to the rating sessions, rater trainings were conducted to establish shared understanding of the rubric. The rating data were analyzed using Many Facet Rasch Measurement model to estimate rater severity, consistency, and bias/interaction effects among raters, their background variables, and rubric criteria. Afterwards, qualitative phase was conducted in the form of semi-structured interviews to selected lecturers based on their estimated rating behavior. Lastly, integration analysis was conducted by connecting qualitative themes to quantitative patterns in order to explain observed differences in rating behavior. From the quantitative results, it can be seen that there are substantial differences in rating severity among the lecturers. They are also differed in terms of consistency, where some rated consistently, some rated too predictable, and some others rated inconsistently with fluctuating patterns. Subsequently, bias/interaction analysis reveals that lecturer background factors contribute differently to rating severity. Then, the qualitative findings show that rating behavior is shaped by teaching experience, emotional condition, workload, and institutional context. They also prioritized different writing components and employed various strategies to maintain consistency. Findings conclude that severity is affected by lecturers' linguistic priorities, professional experience, work habits, and their belief about fairness in assessment. This dissertation contributes to understanding rater behavior in writing assessment by showing how lecturer background and professional experience shape their rating behavior beyond the rubrics. It also extends research on rater-mediated assessment by providing evidence from under explored contexts in Indonesian higher education. This research suggests institutional support to improve and to provide rater training to address workload management, cognitive load, and lecturers' well-being during the assessment process, in addition to rubric-related training, to support more accurate, consistent, and fair writing assessment practices. Future research could apply extended rubric, more essay genres, as well as new demographic aspects not covered in this research. This research can also be expanded to more participation from wider range of higher education institutions in Indonesia. Additionally, a longitudinal study would offer more insights into severity that can grow due to experience, exposure to different students, or curriculum changes.
Religious education for indigenous religious minorities : the Marapu faith in East Sumba, Indonesia
Fadiah Mukhsen; Muhammad Zuhdi; Andar Nubowo (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2026-07-29)
This dissertation examines why, despite formal constitutional recognition and normative commitments to religious pluralism, the provision of religious education for Marapu Faith students remains fragile, partial, and frequently absent within Indonesia's formal education system. While national regulations affirm the right of all students to receive religious education in accordance with their beliefs, indigenous faith communities continue to experience systematic exclusion that is rarely framed as policy failure or rights violation. This study investigates the structural conditions under which such exclusion persists and becomes normalised within educational governance. The research focuses on Marapu Faith Education as an empirical case through which broader dynamics of religious education governance can be analysed. It asks how governance arrangements, institutional practices, and symbolic commitments to inclusion interact to produce sustained non-provision without overt discrimination or regulatory breach. Rather than treating exclusion as an outcome of weak implementation, local prejudice, or administrative incapacity, this dissertation approaches absence as a patterned and stabilised governance outcome. Methodologically, the study employs a qualitative, multi-level research design combining document analysis, policy review, institutional interviews, and in-depth narratives of students, instructors, and education officials. Analytical attention is directed across micro-, meso-, and macro-levels to capture lived experiences, institutional mediation, and normative frameworks. The core empirical findings demonstrate that the exclusion of Marapu education is not accidental. At the macro level, religious education governance is structured around confessional and mandatory models that presuppose religion as institutionalised, doctrinal, and administratively legible. At the meso level, decentralisation without enforceable obligations displaces responsibility to local authorities while diffusing accountability, generating stable patterns of non-implementation. At the school level, risk-averse institutional behaviour leads to selective and episodic provision, dependent on external intervention rather than systemic commitment. Marapu faith instructors occupy precarious intermediary positions, lacking formal recognition, professional security, and institutional integration, resulting in high attrition and epistemic dilution. At the micro level, students respond through adaptive strategies, including concealment, administrative conformity, and strategic identity negotiation under conditions of stigma and vulnerability. From these findings, the dissertation advances the concept of institutionalised non-implementation to theorise how governance systems can simultaneously affirm rights symbolically while ensuring their material non-realisation. In this configuration, non-provision functions not as policy failure but as a stabilised outcome of governance design. Indonesia's promotion of religious moderation operates primarily at the level of symbolic governance, facilitating national consensus and identity without guaranteeing equitable access to religious education for indigenous faith communities.
The ethics of outsourced jihad : Islamic moral frameworks for state-sponsored proxy militias
Haider, Syeda Dur E Nayab; Afifi, Mahmoud Ali Gomaa (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2026-07-14)
Over the past decades, the use of proxy militias, auxiliary armed organizations and armed self-governing or semi-autonomous institutions by the State has shaped the nature of modern warfare, sparking significant ethical issues on authority, accountability and legitimacy. The ethical dimensions of proxy war in Islamic political thought have not been studied so much, although much has been discussed in the fields of international relations and security studies. In this thesis, I set out to outline an Islamic perspective on the evaluation of state-sponsored proxy militias (SSPM), defined as “outsourced jihad,” which is defined as armed violence that is supported, financed, or authorized by states, but is committed by irregular forces not part of the formal military structure. This research aims to reconstruct the most important concepts and ideas of classical Sunni jurisprudence and contemporary Islamic ethics, such as wilāyah (legitimate authority), niyyah (moral intention), maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah (higher objectives of Islamic law), and mas’ūliyyah (collective accountability), using a normative-ethical and qualitative methodology based on Islamic legal and political approaches. The analysis of key writings from the Islamic tradition of contemporary scholarship on proxy warfare, sovereignty, and delegated violence is used to consider how these ethical concepts can be applied to contemporary forms of state sponsored armed delegations. This thesis is trying to show that proxy warfare is not just a military technique but an important moral challenge to classical Islamic concepts of unified command, clear lines of command and clear responsibility. It shows that the morality of delegated violence is tied to a highly functional authority system, ethical purpose, accountability mechanisms and a dedication to the public good. Without clear and unifying command or multiple self-serving agendas, and without accountability for acts of violence, the normative basis for the ethical basis of war in Islamic thought is weakened by proxy militias. This research combines classical Islamic concepts of political ethics with more modern thinking on the issue of sovereignty and delegated violence to offer a systematic approach to assess the legitimacy of state-sponsored proxy forces in Muslim-majority settings. This research will help with current discussions in Islamic ethics, political theology and conflict studies in developing a conceptual framework to evaluate the modernities of outsourced warfare.
Qur'anic exegesis and sectarian politics : intellectual dialectics and contestation between Sunnī and Shī'ī tafsīrs in the twelfth century
Azhari Andi; Syamsul Rijal; Abdillah, A. Mughzi (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2026-07-17)
The twelfth century marks a significant period of political fragmentation within the Muslim world, a reality that deeply reshaped the intellectual landscape and transformed Qur'anic exegesis (tafsīr) into arena for articulating Sunnī and Shī'ī theological identities. Recognizing that tafsīr is never entirely neutral, this study investigates how tafsīr was utilized for sectarian political purposes by contrasting the interpretations of Imāmī exegete, al-Ṭabrisī (d. 548) in his Majma' al-Bayān with Sunnī exegete, Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597) in Zād al-Masīr. Several questions are raised in this study; How has Qur'anic exegesis evolved from religious texts to sectarian political texts? What hermeneutical strategies and interpretative frameworks were employed by al-Ṭabrisī and Ibn al-Jawzī in negotiating political and theological debates during the twelfth century? How did they interpret political and sectarian verses of the Qur'ān, and in what ways did their interpretations reflect and respond to the socio-political contexts of the twelfth century? What is their intellectual significance in shaping the trajectory of Sunnī and Shī'ī Qur'anic exegetical traditions. Through the dual lenses of Walid A. Saleh's genealogical framework and Hans-Georg Gadamer's hermeneutics, this study reveals that sectarian reading had already entered to Qur'anic exegesis during the first and early second centuries Hijri, becoming fully entrenched by subsequent century through a profound fusion of horizons between ancient scripture and medieval political realities. Genealogically, both mufasirs demonstrate deep epistemological continuity within their tradition-bound lineages, as al-Ṭabrisī builds upon al-Ṭūsī's al-Tibyān (d. 460) by employing Imāmī traditions and allegorical meanings, while Ibn al-Jawzī adapts al-Ṭabarī's Jāmi' al-Bayān (d.310) into a more selective traditionalist framework. Furthermore, their divergent commentaries are not mere distortions, but rather products of what Gadamer names "productive prejudices" (Vorurteil), necessary sectarian commitments that functioned as normative, authoritative framework to shape public opinion and legitimize rival political authorities within the medieval social order. Ultimately, both scholars left an enduring methodological legacy: al-Ṭabrisī introduced a cross-referencing approach by engaging with other traditions, particularly Sunnī and Mu'tazilī, whereas Ibn al-Jawzī introduced medium-sized (mutawassiṭ) tafsīr style by reducing long transmission chains. By analyzing these magnum opuses, this study demonstrates that the interpretative differences between al-Ṭabrisī and Ibn al-Jawzī are not problem to be resolved, but vital historical phenomena illustrating how the Qur'an functions as an ever-living, dynamic source of guidance for diverse Muslim communities navigating complex historical realities.
Negotiating ideology, claiming religious authority in Indonesia : the case of Madurese Ulama Alliance (AUMA)
Shofiatul Jannah; Yanwar Pribadi; Haula Noor (Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia, 2026-07-14)
This study examines the ideological orientation of the Madurese Ulama Alliance (AUMA), its historical emergence, and its development within the religious landscape of Madura. It argues that AUMA combines traditionalism and conservatism by upholding local Islamic traditions, while adopting a strict normative stance in defining the boundaries of Islamic teachings in order to claim religious authority in Madura. Using an ethnographic approach, this study shows that AUMA's ideology in Madura reflects a hybrid traditionalist-conservative orientation. It is firmly rooted in the preservation of local Islamic traditions, while also maintaining a strict normative stance in shaping public morality. AUMA emerged due to ideological differences with BASSRA, particularly in responding to socio-religious issues in Madura. This distinction has served as the foundation for AUMA to establish a distinctive ideological and organizational position within Madura's religious landscape. AUMA spreads its ideology through various channels such as pesantren, religious literature, and social media in a systematic and structured manner. In addition, AUMA maintains its ideology through various efforts, including being responsive to socio-religious issues, strengthening ulama networks, and utilizing local culture as a means of sustaining its ideology. This study also finds that AUMA's ideology is influenced by several factors, religious motivation is the central factor that drives its continuity in Madura. This religious drive aligns with the highly religious character of Madurese society, enabling its acceptance and continuity. However, its ideological impact is ambivalent, as it both strengthens social cohesion and religious identity while also fostering exclusivism and fragmentation within Islamic organization. This study contributes to the understanding of ideological contestation by demonstrating how religious norms are negotiated by religious actors within local contexts in contemporary Indonesia.